Clear, section-by-section reference guides explaining United States Federal Code (U.S.C.) and State Penal Codes (California, Texas, New York, Florida) — exact prison minimums, maximum sentences, fines, and constitutional defenses.
Instant comparison of maximum prison sentences and statutory fines across major U.S. criminal statutes. Click any statute to read elements, defenses, and Sentencing Guideline calculations.
| U.S. Law Section | Offense Title | Classification | Prison / Jail Penalty | Maximum Fine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 U.S.C. § 3559 | Federal Felony Classes (A–E) & Misdemeanors | Framework | ≤1 yr (Misd.) / >1 yr to Life (Felony) | $5k–$250k Ind. / $500k Org. |
| 18 U.S.C. § 1343 | Federal Wire Fraud (Bank / Disaster Fraud) | Class C / B Felony | Up to 20 yrs (30 yrs if bank/disaster) | $250,000 to $1,000,000 |
| 18 U.S.C. § 1347 | Federal Healthcare Fraud & Kickbacks | Class C / A Felony | 10 yrs (20 yrs injury / Life if death) | $250,000 + 3x Civil FCA |
| 18 U.S.C. § 1028A | Aggravated Identity Theft | Mandatory Add-On | +2 yrs consecutive (+5 yrs terrorism) | $250,000 + Restitution |
| 21 U.S.C. § 841 | Federal Drug Trafficking (Weight Triggers) | Class C / B / A Felony | 5 yrs / 10 yrs / 20 yrs mandatory min to Life | $1M to $10M+ |
| 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) | Gun Used During Drug or Violent Crime | Mandatory Add-On | 5 / 7 / 10 / 25 / 30 yrs consecutive | $250,000 |
| 18 U.S.C. § 2113 | Federal Bank Robbery & Armed Robbery | Felony | 20 yrs (25 yrs armed / Life if death) | $250,000 + Restitution |
| CA PC §§ 487 / 211 | California Grand Theft (>$950) & Robbery | Wobbler / Strike | 16m–3 yrs (Theft) / 2–9 yrs + Strike (Robbery) | $10,000 + Restitution |
| TX PC § 22.02 | Texas Aggravated Assault (2nd/1st Degree) | Felony | 2–20 yrs (2nd Deg.) / 5–99 yrs or Life (1st Deg.) | Up to $10,000 |
| NY PL § 265.03 | NY Criminal Possession of Loaded Weapon 2nd | Class C Violent Felony | 3.5 yrs mandatory min up to 15 yrs | $5,000 + PRS |
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Federal Criminal
How federal law classifies crimes from Class A felonies to infractions under 18 U.S.C. § 3559, statutory fines under § 3571, and how U.S. Sentencing Guidelines zones determine prison terms.
White-Collar & Cyber
Exact federal prison terms under 18 U.S.C. § 1343: why standard wire fraud carries up to 20 years, bank or disaster relief fraud rises to 30 years and $1M fines, and how loss amounts drive sentencing.
White-Collar & Cyber
How the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (18 U.S.C. § 1030) punishes unauthorized access, malware, and cyber extortion with sentences ranging from 1 year to 20 years or life imprisonment.
White-Collar & Cyber
How 18 U.S.C. § 1028A forces federal judges to tack a mandatory 2-year consecutive prison sentence onto fraud convictions—with zero probation and no concurrent time.
Drugs & Firearms
Exact federal drug weight thresholds triggering 5-year and 10-year mandatory minimum sentences under 21 U.S.C. § 841, First Step Act reductions, and Safety Valve eligibility.
Drugs & Firearms
How 18 U.S.C. § 922(g) bars prohibited persons from firearm possession (up to 15 years) and § 924(c) adds 5, 7, 10, or 25 consecutive years for guns linked to drugs or violence.
Federal Criminal
How federal law distinguishes first-degree premeditated or felony murder (mandatory life or death) from second-degree murder, voluntary manslaughter (15 yrs), and involuntary manslaughter (8 yrs).
White-Collar & Cyber
How federal prosecutors charge concealment and spending money laundering under 18 U.S.C. §§ 1956–1957, carrying 10 to 20 years in prison, double-value fines, and total asset forfeiture.
Federal Criminal
How the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act punishes enterprise patterns of crime with 20 years to life in prison, full enterprise forfeiture, and 3x civil damages.
White-Collar & Cyber
Exact criminal prison terms and IRS civil penalties under Internal Revenue Code §§ 7201, 7203, and 7206—plus how criminal evasion differs from honest tax errors or aggressive planning.
Civil Rights & Constitution
Both sides of U.S. civil rights accountability: criminal prosecution of officials under 18 U.S.C. § 242 (up to 10 years or life) and civil lawsuits under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
Federal Criminal
Why cover-ups often draw harsher sentences than the original crime: exact prison exposure for destroying evidence (§ 1519), witness tampering (§ 1512), perjury (§ 1621), and lying to federal agents (§ 1001).
Federal Criminal
How U.S. federal anti-corruption law separates quid-pro-quo bribery (15 years + 3x fine + office disqualification) from gratuities (2 years), plus the impact of Snyder v. United States.
State Penal Codes
Side-by-side comparison of first-offense, repeat, high-BAC, and felony DUI/DWI jail time, fines, and license revocation rules across California, Texas, New York, and Florida.
State Penal Codes
How California differentiates petty theft ($950 or less), grand theft wobblers (§ 487), Prop 36 repeat-theft felonies (§ 666.1), residential burglary (§ 459), and robbery Strikes (§ 211).
State Penal Codes
How Texas Penal Code Chapter 12 and Chapter 22 scale assault from a $500 Class C ticket to a 5–99 year First-Degree Felony for deadly weapons, strangulation, or family violence.
State Penal Codes
How New York Penal Law Article 70 separates indeterminate non-violent sentences from strict determinate Violent Felony terms—including the mandatory 3.5–15 year sentence under NY PL § 265.03.
State Penal Codes
How Florida grades felonies (§ 775.082), enforces mandatory 10-, 20-, and 25-to-life firearm minimums under § 775.087, and grants pretrial Stand Your Ground immunity under § 776.032.
Federal Criminal
How Title 8 and Title 18 penalize unlawful border entry (6 months to 2 years), reentry after deportation (up to 20 years with aggravated felonies), marriage fraud (5 years), and visa fraud.
Civil Rights & Constitution
The constitutional guardrails governing every U.S. criminal case: warrant rules and evidence suppression, Miranda custodial warnings, the Sixth Amendment lawyer guarantee, and federal bail.
White-Collar & Cyber
Exact federal prison terms for Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurer billing fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1347, the Anti-Kickback Statute (10 years), and civil False Claims treble damages.
Federal Criminal
How 18 U.S.C. § 2113 scales bank crimes from $1,000 larceny (1 year) to robbery by intimidation (20 years), armed assault with a dangerous weapon (25 years), and killing/kidnapping (life or death).
Federal Criminal
How 18 U.S.C. § 1201 turns state abductions into life-sentence federal cases via interstate travel or cell-phone use, plus the 20-year mandatory minimum when victims are under 18.
Federal Criminal
Why federal prosecutors charge retail store holdups, cargo hijackings, and business extortion under the Hobbs Act (18 U.S.C. § 1951)—carrying 20 years per count and triggering firearm minimums.
White-Collar & Cyber
How 18 U.S.C. § 1341 covers USPS mail AND private carriers like FedEx/UPS (20–30 years), and why charging § 1349 conspiracy exposes participants to the entire scheme's losses.
White-Collar & Cyber
Exact prison exposure and multi-million-dollar corporate fines for downloading proprietary source code, formulas, or customer lists under 18 U.S.C. §§ 1831–1832 and the civil DTSA.
White-Collar & Cyber
Exact criminal prison exposure (20–25 years), $5M individual / $25M corporate fines, and triple SEC civil disgorgement penalties under 18 U.S.C. § 1348 and Rule 10b-5.
White-Collar & Cyber
How federal law punishes online stalking, doxxing, swatting, and interstate violent threats under 18 U.S.C. § 2261A and § 875(c)—plus First Amendment limits after Counterman (2023).
Federal Criminal
How 18 U.S.C. § 111 separates simple resistance (1 year misdemeanor) from physical contact or intent to commit another felony (8 years) and deadly weapon or injury assaults (20 years).
Civil Rights & Constitution
How federal sentences actually get shortened after conviction: 54-day annual Good Conduct Time (§ 3624), First Step Act Earned Time Credits (§ 3632), and § 3582(c) Compassionate Release.
Jump directly to core federal & state sentencing pillars on muskanelectronic.com or explore free civil demand tools and calculators on PreCourtDemand.com.
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